The article is devoted to the 105th anniversary of Institute Teploelektroproyekt. Thermal power plants built according to the Institute's designs over the past twenty years, with installed combined-cycle and steam-power units running on gas and coal, are presented. The article describes the current environment of the institute's activities, the limitations of centralized financing of projects, the withdrawal from the market of power equipment of a number of foreign manufacturers of gas turbines due to sanctions, the adjustment of business plans of traditional customers of energy projects. The Institute actively accepts challenges, works with Russian manufacturers of gas turbine units, capitalizes on the accumulated experience of designing combined-cycle power plants (CCPP). An experience of construction and operation of the first stage of Sakhalinskaya SDPP-2 operating on coal, with a seismicity of the site at 9 points on the MSK scale on the coast of the Tatar Strait, is presented. During the time of operation of the station, the Sakhalin coal was found to be extremely viscous, which is associated with the presence of bentonite in its mineral part. The measures taken to partially reconstruct the fuel supply path led to a significant improvement in the operation of the path. The Institute-designed Svobodnenskaya thermal power plant (TPP) was put into operation, generating electricity and steam to provide consumers of the Amur Gas Processing Plant. Gas fuel is supplied from the main gas pipeline Power of Siberia-1. This implemented project is one of the examples of choosing a gas-fired steam turbine unit in favor of CCGT. The project Boiler House as Part of Ethane-Containing Gas-Processing Combine in the settlement of Ust-Luga on the Baltic Sea coast is unique as an example of the full integration of thermal power plant into a large industrial enterprise in order to solve the problem of minimizing the possible consequences of a major accident at the combine. The design of combined-cycle power plants of Novocherkasskaya SDPP and Artemovskaya CCPP-2 on the basis of domestically produced GTUs with a unit power of 110 and 160 MW, construction projects of new power units of Norilskaya CCPP-3 and Yakutskaya SDPP-2 for permafrost conditions are close to completion. The projects for the successive modernization of the Kirishskaya SDPP and Surgutskaya SDPP-1 power units with the replacement of steam turbine units are at the stages of designing and implementation. Institute Teploelektroproyekt is, as before, holding one of the leading positions among the design organizations of the industry, making a significant contribution to the development of the country’s energy industry.

A study and analysis of electric power transmission through the JSC Omskenergosbyt electric networks over the period 2014 – 2022 have been carried out. The structural and balance features of the company are analyzed, the characteristics of the key elements of the studied electrical networks are given, with a number of shortcomings in the disclosure of information noted. Based on public information on the accident rate in the company's electrical networks, an estimate has been made of the number of emergency situations that occurred during the period under study, as well as the magnitude of electrical power under-supply caused by these interruptions. The classification of emergency damages according to the amount of electrical power under-supply as a result of these failures has been made. The percentages of such failures are determined. Various methods for predictive assessment of power supply reliability level in the company's networks are analyzed, and a conclusion is made about the applicability of predictive models of statistical methods. Autoregressive equations have been obtained, the analysis of which allowed to have numerical predictive values of the number of possible emergency failures broken down by months of 2023. The influence of the seasonal component on the number of emergencies during the period under study has beenis considered.
General scientific methods, numerical methods of analysis, statistical and cybernetic methods of making predictive models were used in the study. Excel spreadsheet technologies, MATLAB software environment, as well as the Oracle software were used as computational tools. The results obtained may be of interest to chief executives of power grid companies , as well as researchers and engineers engaged in research in the field of power supply reliability.

In the conditions of oil and gas complex enterprises, the main issues in the discussion of development strategies are reliable and high-quality power supply to the most critical consumers in a market economy. This is facilitated by the constant challenges that individual companies encounter when they face issues of improving the energy efficiency of specific production processes, developing and implementing measures aimed at reducing costs while maintaining the volume of products, reducing the downtime of individual equipment, finding and eliminating the root causes of process disturbances. At this stage, the specialists responsible for reliability need to have not only modern competencies, but also the ability to justify and make decisions in a limited time. Thus, the analysis and monitoring of the occurrence of process disturbances at enterprises of the oil and gas complex with subsequent risk assessment becomes particularly important and relevant, and the role of specialists with such competencies increases many times, as problems arise with the hierarchy and classification of risks corresponding to real operating conditions. This article provides an overview of methods for investigating process disturbances, provides the main results of assessing the risks of process disturbances for power grids of different voltage levels, provides a quantitative assessment of risks depending on the identified root causes. Recommendations are given on the identified problems, including the analysis of individual indicators of reliability of power supply to industrial enterprises. The proposed solutions for the application of a matrix approach to assessing the risks of process disturbances in the power supply system of oil and gas complex enterprises will reduce the existing accident rate by analyzing the main causes of process disturbances and, as a result, increase the energy intensity of the manufactured product. Additionally, the adaptation of this method within the framework of the operation of such enterprises will allow managing the reliability of power supply systems.

The article discusses the application of two technologies for cooling different coolant flows at the CHP and makes a comparative assessment of their impact on the energy efficiency of the turbine plant. The first technology consists in cooling the feed water flow of the heating system, and the second technology is implemented by cooling the additional feed water of boilers. The technology of cooling the make-up water of the heating system provides for introducing a heat exchanger that would cool the make-up water before mixing it with the water of the heating system. The technology of cooling the additional feed water of boilers is implemented by introducing a heat exchanger downstream the deaerator, before feeding the water into the main condensate path. In both cases, in the heat exchanger, the cooling medium is natural gas supplied to the burners of boilers, and the heating medium is make-up or additional feed water. A comparative calculation of the energy efficiency indicators of technologies is performed using the method of specific electricity generation based on thermal consumption. During the calculations, the data obtained at an operating CHP plant and the temperature schedule of a heating network for the 2021 – 2022 heating season were used. Calculations were performed for a thermal power plant with a T-100-130 turbine. For the most accurate comparison of the effectiveness of the technologies under consideration, the source data were taken as close as possible, and the value of the make-up water and additional feed water consumption correspond to each other — for this reason, the heating season period was considered. The outdoor temperature values for the specified period were taken from the weather archive of a weather station. Comparative results of calculations of the efficiency indicators of the use of these technologies are presented, expressed in additional heating generation of electricity, in the economy of conventional fuel and in monetary terms over the heating period.

There is an estimation of application of power installations in a mode of trigeneration: with gas at the input, and with electric power, heat and cold at the output, functioning in an automatic mode, positive and negative sides of their use are considered. Cogeneration systems based on gas turbine with compression or absorption chillers, satisfying consumers in electric, heat and cooling energy in a building or a group of buildings, are considered. The use of trigeneration systems allows efficient utilization of heat for heating in winter and for air conditioning and process needs in summer, for example, use of cold for freezers in hospitals. At the same time, there is no reduction in efficiency throughout the year. The trigeneration technology is an excellent alternative to conventional power plants with a large amount of electrical energy and allows the use of absorption chillers in case of high cost or shortage of electricity. Such units consume less electricity compared to compressor units and require lower costs. At the same time, the use of absorption refrigeration machines (ARM) is totally justified when operating in the mode of a mini-CHP, which produces heat in winter (as cold is not needed or is needed only in small amounts), and in summer there is no need for it, but there is a need for cold. The payback period of such a system is relatively low, the net present value is high, and the profitability index is usually greater than one. Cold storage contributes to the economic viability of a trigeneration system. Since the payback period does not take into account the time factor of investment, the net present value or, better yet, the profitability index should be used. A trigeneration system consists of several units with different service lives and different investment results.

The key areas of steam turbine construction development are the issues of improving the tools and means of development, production, operation and managing the life cycle (LC) of the main and auxiliary equipment.
Observations show that measures to improve the pre-production and actual manufacturing are often carried out separately without a common idea, with different approaches, tools and solutions, which leads to duplication of work, lack of a common line of development to the goal and sometimes incompatibility. Irrational and uneven problem solving should change in favor of a systematic approach to the development of the enterprise, its products and product LC management tools.
The "dead end" of extreme unification, typification and standardization restricts and stops the development of products and their production; therefore, a new idea is needed that allows for a unified systematic approach to development and growth (up to explosive growth) against the background of stalled competitors. A new idea or ideology may be the methodological application of the modular principle of creating equipment with simultaneous digital transformation of the enterprise, which should be implemented with methodological and administrative support for the transition of the turbine enterprise from the "old" approaches to the "new" ones.
The application of an integrated approach to the implementation of the modular principle with simultaneous digital transformation of turbine enterprises opens up wide opportunities for enhancing competitiveness, and further operating activities using such a concept will lead to the company’s explosive growth. The new concept will allow the development and improvement of steam turbines and turbine equipment using approaches and technical solutions, achieving high technical, economic and operational indicators with reduced costs for design and engineering preparation of production and manufacture of equipment, as well as with minimal time and financial costs to carry out reconstruction and maintenance of equipment by changing modules.

The determination of thermal conductivity of the combustion products of coal of various compositions by a simplified method and in accordance with the molecular-kinetic theory according to the Masson – Saxena equation is considered. Calculations were made for hard coal of the Volodarsky mine of grade A, Donetsk basin of grade OS, Kuznetsk basin of grade K, Tallinn section of grade G, Kizelovsky basin of grade G, and Tulganskoye deposit of grade 1B with the content of the combustible part by weight from 70.8% to 25.1%. The temperature of the combustion products varied from 200°C to 400°C in increments of 50°C, and the excess air coefficient varied from α = 1.15 to α = 1.5 in increments of 0.05. The discrepancy between the results of the simplified calculation and the results obtained by the Masson – Saxena equation was estimated using the relative error. Analysis of the calculation results showed that the thermal conductivity coefficient calculated according to the additivity rule using volume and mass fractions of the components of the combustion products is higher than that calculated using the Masson – Saxena equation at any excess air coefficients and temperature of the combustion products. With an increase in the temperature of the combustion products, in both cases, the error in determining the thermal conductivity decreases due to an increase in the value of the thermal conductivity. The use of simplified calculation methods leads to an increase in the thermal conductivity of combustion products by an average of 7.5% – 2% for coal of various compositions, depending on the temperature of the combustion products, compared with the values calculated using the Masson – Saxena equation.

The results of the performed studies have confirmed that at present the most common type of drive of ship mechanisms is an electric drive. Electric drives are the main recipients of electric energy, including the ship energy. The number of electric motors installed on ships is, as a rule, hundreds of units. It is proposed, based on the classification developed earlier, to conventionally refer the majority of ship electric drives, despite their wide variety, to three main groups, differing in operating modes and operating conditions determined by their functional purpose: close to typical modes S1 and S6 — the first group; S2 — the second group; S3, S4, S5, S7, S8, the third group. The specific conditions and operating modes of ship electric drives, which differ significantly from land-based ones and are determined by higher climatic and mechanical loads, lead to a decrease in their reliability, the need for increased attention to maintenance and repairs of electric drives, their components and elements. The basic principles of the approach to working with statistical data necessary for calculating the reliability indicators of marine electric drives are formulated. To analyze the past record of operation and maintenance of ship electric drives, a method based on the collection and processing of statistical information in operational conditions was used, which is the most effective, allowing to take into account the complex impact on the reliability of electric drives of all operational factors that are difficult to reproduce during testing, and does not require the cost of creating test benches and performing tests. Judging by the number of failures, the regulated ship electric drives of approximate mode S2 (windlasses, capstans, etc.) and modes S3, S4, S5, S7 and S8 (hoist winches and cranes) are less reliable in comparison with others.