Improving the environmental situation and safety of the megalopolis by modernizing the energy industry

Options are considered for modernization of the energy industry complex, which includes a large number of enterprises and combined heat and power plants (CHPP) with low-potential waste heat. For modernization, it is proposed to use heat pumps (HPI) in CHPP systems. A variant is presented of using the low-potential heat of the ice-free Yenisei River. The environmental and economic efficiency of the proposed options have been evaluated.

The city of Krasnoyarsk located on both banks of the Yenisei River, is considered as an example. In Krasnoyarsk, there are large hydroelectric power plants that generate excess power for electricity. CHPP-1, CHPP-2 and CHPP-3 also operate, as well as a large number of boiler houses, whose harmful emissions are described in detail in the article. In addition, data on the number of low-potential sources are provided, and options for using low-potential heat sources in heat pump installations are considered. The output of low-potential heat by month is presented, and the calculation results are based on comparison of options for using HPI at three CHPPs. The possibility of closing inefficient coal-fired boilers has been examined, which would reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere and reduce the cost of heat production in the megalopolis for district heating systems.

The operation of the Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Plant is considered, which has harmful emissions (fluorine, sulfur oxides, dust, resinous substances), as well as primary energy losses of 13.5 million Gcal, of which only 40% goes to aluminium production, and 60% is lost and released into the environment. To reduce these losses by 1.5 times, it is proposed to install air heat exchangers. The prospect of using high-capacity HPIs is provided by the presence of river water from the Yenisei, the temperature of which does not fall below 3°C even in winter. Powerful HPIs with centrifugal compressors manufactured in Kazan will provide heat to administrative and residential buildings under construction in Krasnoyarsk with a total heat load of 803 Gcal/h. The payback period of systems with HPI is 6÷8 years.

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