MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF COGENERATION STEAM TURBINES BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBINE STAGES AND COMPARTMENTS

The article covers approaches to building the mathematical models of cogeneration steam turbine units. The objective of this work is the development, justifi cation and practical implementation of methods of mathematical modeling of cogeneration steam turbines for solving research problems and improving the energy effi ciency of the CHP. The use of normative characteristics to solve these tasks, which require the calculation of variable modes, in most cases turns out to be unjustifi ed, due to a number of their signifi cant shortcomings. It is shown that the application of the developed mathematical models based on experimentally determined fl ow and power characteristics allows to solve various practical tasks arising during operation. We have given an example of constructing a computational mathematical model of a T-50-12.8 type turbine. The method of construction of this model is described, which consists of a large number of nonlinear equations (over 50), and an enlarged block diagram of calculations for this turbine (using the modernized Newton method with a step change of the iteration process in several variables) is provided. The method of calculating an arbitrary turbine compartment or a stage using some experimental fl ow and power characteristics is given as part of the general algorithm. A method for calculating the LPH-1 regenerative heater is also given as an example. It is shown how similar models of other equipment can be developed on the basis of the described mathematical model. The article provides examples of the use of mathematical models of turbines for solving problems of determining the most economical and safe operating modes and preventing ineffi cient solutions. The obtained results allow to determine the optimal operating modes of real CHP equipment and calculating their absolute and comparative energy efficiency.

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