Methods for evaluating potential concepts for combined energy supply systems based on hydro resources with energy storage

   High specific electricity costs in remote regions, together with logistical challenges associated with fuel delivery and increasing environmental constraints, are accelerating the shift toward localized, low-carbon autonomous energy systems. These systems increasingly incorporate renewable energy sources (RES). An algorithm for determining the optimal configuration of a combined power supply system based on microhydropower plants (micro-HPPs) is presented. Such systems provide generation and storage capabilities intended to meet the needs of decentralized consumers. To identify technically and economically viable configurations of an autonomous energy source, an analytical review of domestic and international research was conducted. The findings informed the development of fundamental electrical and hydraulic layouts of the system. A preliminary assessment of key hydro unit parameters was performed, and the potential integration of photovoltaic (PV) modules into the generation structure was examined. Three representative system architectures are proposed. The first configuration involves a micro-HPP without energy storage. The second is a micro pumped-storage power plant (micro-PSPP) incorporating one or two reservoirs for energy accumulation. The third represents a hybrid micro-PSPP that combines storage functionality with PV generation for energy recovery into the system. Alongside these configurations, methodological approaches were established for determining reservoir energy capacity, selecting suitable hydraulic machines, and structuring the logic of energy-flow management. A prototype test bench was also developed to support model-based experimental studies. The proposed concept demonstrates technical feasibility and promising economic performance under a range of typical operating conditions. The methodological framework and the test-bench design provide a foundation for further engineering development and for scaling the proposed solution.

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