<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">energsecurity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Надежность и безопасность энергетики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Reliability of Power Industry</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-5555</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2057</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «НПО Энергобезопасность»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24223/1999-5555-2022-15-3-190-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">energsecurity-828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОПЫТ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>OPERATING EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Создание в Российской Федерации электрического автобуса с водородными топливными элементами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creation of an electric bus with hydrogen fuel cells in the Russian Federation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайхатдинов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhatdinov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Красносельская, 51, 420066, Казань.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoselskaya str., 51, 420066, Kazan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Farid.Shaihatdinov@kamaz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филимонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filimonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Красносельская, 51, 420066, Казань.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoselskaya str., 51, 420066, Kazan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aachichorova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохонов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hokhonov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Красносельская, 51, 420066, Казань.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoselskaya str., 51, 420066, Kazan.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трапезников</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trapeznikov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Красносельская, 51, 420066, Казань.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoselskaya str., 51, 420066, Kazan.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Большой бул., 62, 121205, Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bolshoy Blvd. str., 62, 121205, Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маликов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malikov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Большой бул., 62, 121205, Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bolshoy Blvd. str., 62, 121205, Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимов</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimov</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Большой бул., 62, 121205, Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bolshoy Blvd. str., 62, 121205, Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный энергетический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Power Engineering University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «ИЦ КАМАЗ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC «EC KAMAZ»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>190</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шайхатдинов Ф.А., Филимонова А.А., Хохонов А.А., Трапезников А.Н., Климов А.В., Маликов Р.Р., Анисимов В.Р., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шайхатдинов Ф.А., Филимонова А.А., Хохонов А.А., Трапезников А.Н., Климов А.В., Маликов Р.Р., Анисимов В.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shaikhatdinov F.A., Filimonova A.A., Hokhonov A.A., Trapeznikov A.N., Klimov A.V., Malikov R.R., Anisimov V.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sigma08.ru/jour/article/view/828">https://www.sigma08.ru/jour/article/view/828</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены проблемы экологии и оценено влияние автомобильного транспорта на окружающую среду. Рассмотрены эффекты от действующих международных соглашений на изменение объемов вредных выбросов автомобильного транспорта. Проанализированы основные показатели европейско-азиатских энергетических стратегий по переходу на альтернативный вид энергии — водород. Обозначены требования действующих экологических программ. Оценены объемы и виды электрического транспорта в качестве альтернативы традиционному транспорту на двигателях внутреннего сгорания, приведен прогноз развития продаж электрического транспорта. Приведены основные типы топливных элементов и характеристики электротранспорта с водородными топливными элементами. Приведено количество эксплуатирующихся водоробусов в мире и примеры стимулирующих программ. В качестве обоснования необходимости использования экологического транспорта в Российской Федерации приведены показатели качества воздуха г. Москвы. Для анализа имеющихся проблем и задач разработки электрического автобуса на водородных топливных элементах (водоробуса) использованы информационные обзоры (патенты, нормативные акты Российской Федерации, иностранные и российские публикации в рецензируемых журналах и т. д.). В процессе проектирования водоробуса применены правила и методы для процессов проектирования и разработки автомобильной техники в ПАО «КАМАЗ». Проведены прочностные расчеты, расчеты энергопотребления при движении на городском маршруте. Результатом проектирования является опытный образец российского водоробуса КАМАЗ-6290. Приведена сравнительная оценка эксплуатационных затрат электрического автобуса и водоробуса по показателям для г. Москва, Россия. Приведены дальнейшие планы и перспективы развития водородной автомобильной техники в России. Подтверждением актуальности исследования является тенденция роста использования доли водорода в различных отраслях промышленности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Environmental problems are considered, and the impact of motor vehicles on the environment is assessed. The effects of existing international treaties on changes in the volume of harmful emissions from motor vehicles are considered. The main indicators of the European-Asian energy strategies for the transition to an alternative form of energy - hydrogen -are analyzed. The requirements of the current environmental programs are outlined. The volumes and types of electric vehicles are estimated as an alternative to traditional vehicles based on internal combustion engines, a forecast for the development of sales of electric vehicles is given. The main types of fuel cells and the characteristics of electric vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells are given. The number of operated hydrogen buses in the world and examples of incentive programs are given. As a rationale for the need to use environment-friendly vehicles, air quality indicators in Moscow are given. Information reviews (patents, regulations of the Russian Federation, foreign and Russian publications in peer-reviewed journals, etc.) were used to analyze the existing problems and tasks of developing an electric bus on hydrogen fuel cells (hydrogen bus). In the process of designing a hydrogen bus, the rules and methods for the design and development of automotive equipment at KAMAZ PJSC were applied. Strength calculations and energy consumption calculations were carried out for driving on a city route. The result of the design is a prototype of the Russian KAMAZ-6290 hydrogen bus. A comparative assessment of the operating costs of an electric bus and a hydrogen bus is given in terms of indicators for Moscow, Russia. Further plans and prospects for the development of hydrogen automotive technology in Russia are given. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the growing trend in the share of hydrogen used in various industries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экология</kwd><kwd>электротранспорт</kwd><kwd>топливные элементы</kwd><kwd>водородный транспорт</kwd><kwd>электробус</kwd><kwd>водоробус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ecology</kwd><kwd>electric transport</kwd><kwd>fuel cells</kwd><kwd>hydrogen vehicles</kwd><kwd>electric bus</kwd><kwd>hydrogen bus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Результаты получены при финансовой поддержке Минпромторга России по соглашению № 020-11-2021-971 от 23 июня 2021 г в рамках реализации инновационных проектов, утвержденнымх постановлением Правительства РФ от 12 декабря 2019 г. №1649, а также Минобрнауки и Минцифры России в рамках исполнения условий соглашений № 07515-2021-1087 и № 075-15-2021-1178 от 30.09.2021 в рамках реализации программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет - 2030».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The results were obtained with the financial support of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia under contract No. 02011-2021-971 of June 23, 2021 as part of the implementation of innovative projects approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1649 of December 12, 2019, as well as the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia as part of the implementation of the terms of the contracts No. 075-15-2021-1087 and No. 075-15-2021-1178 dated September 30, 2021 as part of the implementation of the Priority 2030 strategic academic leadership program.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парниковый эффект и рыночные механизмы Киотского протокола. Буквич Р. М., Петрович Д. Р. Вестник НГИЭИ 2017; 1: 139 - 158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenhouse effect and market mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol. Bukvich R. M., Petrovich D. R. NGIEI Bulletin Nizhny Novgorod 2017; 1: 139 - 158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Упыр Н. С. Анализ развития мирового рынка солнечной энергетики. StudNet 2021; 4 (7): 46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Analysis of the development of the global solar energy market. Upyr N. S. StudNet 2021; 4 (7): 46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попадько Н. В. Водородная энергетика: этапы развития, проблемы и перспективы. Инновации и инвестиции 2020; (1): 293 - 296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popadko N. V. Hydrogen energy: stages of development, problems and prospects. Innovations and investments 2020; (1): 293 - 296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ратнер С. В. Анализ развития мирового рынка электромобилей в 2020 г.: вызовы пандемии COVID-19 и новые инициативы по электрификации. Экономический анализ: теория и практика 2021; 20 (515): 1415 - 1437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ratner S. V. Analysis of the development of the global market for electric vehicles in 2020: the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and new electrification initiatives. Economic analysis: theory and practice 2021; 20 (515): 1415 - 1437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филиппов С. П. Топливные элементы и водородная энергетика. Энергетическая политика 2020; 11 (153): 28 - 39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippov S. P. Fuel cells and hydrogen energy. Energy policy 2020; 11 (153): 28 - 39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филимонова А. А. Электрохимические технологии для автомобилей на водородном топливе. Известия высших учебных заведений. Проблемы энергетики 2021; 23 (2): 104 - 115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filimonova A. A. Electrochemical technologies for hydrogen-fuelled vehicles. Energy problems 2021; 23 (2): 104 - 115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carbon footprint impacts of banning cars with internal combustion engines. Morfeld J., Kurland S., Johansson D. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2021; 95 (102807).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carbon footprint impacts of banning cars with internal combustion engines. Morfeld J., Kurland S., Johansson D. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2021; 95 (102807).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trencher G. Drivers and barriers to the adoption of fuel cell passenger vehicles and buses in Germany. Energies 2021; 14 (4).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trencher G. Drivers and barriers to the adoption of fuel cell passenger vehicles and buses in Germany. Energies 2021; 14 (4).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Investigating users' preferences for Low Emission Buses: Experiences from Europe's largest hydrogen bus fleet. Loria L., Watson V. Journal of Choice Modelling 2019; 32 (100169).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Investigating users' preferences for Low Emission Buses: Experiences from Europe's largest hydrogen bus fleet. Loria L., Watson V. Journal of Choice Modelling 2019; 32 (100169).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Activities to convert the public transport fleet to electric buses. Gabsalikhova L., Sadygova G., Almetova Z. Transportation Research Procedia 2018; 36: 669 - 675.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Activities to convert the public transport fleet to electric buses. Gabsalikhova L., Sadygova G., Almetova Z. Transportation Research Procedia 2018; 36: 669 - 675.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prospects and impediments for hydrogen fuel cell buses. Ajanovic A., Glatt A., Haas R. Energy; 235 (121340).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prospects and impediments for hydrogen fuel cell buses. Ajanovic A., Glatt A., Haas R. Energy; 235 (121340).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Can hydrogen fuel vehicles be sustainable alternative on vehicle market?: Comparison of electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Shin J., Hwang W., Choi H. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2019; 143: 239 - 248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Can hydrogen fuel vehicles be sustainable alternative on vehicle market?: Comparison of electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Shin J., Hwang W., Choi H. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2019; 143: 239 - 248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Performance optimization of hybrid hydrogen fuel cell-electric vehicles in real driving cycles. Changizian S., Ahmadi P., Raeesi M., Javani N. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020; 45 (60): 35180 - 35197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Performance optimization of hybrid hydrogen fuel cell-electric vehicles in real driving cycles. Changizian S., Ahmadi P., Raeesi M., Javani N. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2020; 45 (60): 35180 - 35197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Technical regulation issues concerning fuel cell technologies in the Russian Federation, countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and CIS countries. Ramenskiy Yu. A., Grigoriev S. A., Ramenskaya E. A., Grigoriev A. S. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42 (33): 21250 - 21262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Technical regulation issues concerning fuel cell technologies in the Russian Federation, countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and CIS countries. Ramenskiy Yu. A., Grigoriev S. A., Ramenskaya E. A., Grigoriev A. S. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42 (33): 21250 - 21262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Обзор современных систем подачи топливной смеси на основе водорода в автотракторные двигатели (Обзор). Федоткин Р. С., Овчинников Е. В., Крючков В. А., Дмитриев К. С. Экология промышленного производства 2021; 3 (115): 39 - 46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Review of modern systems for supplying a hydrogen-based fuel mixture to autotractor engines (Review). Fedotkin R. S., Ovchinnikov E. V., Kryuchkov V. A., Dmitriev K. S. Ecology of industrial production 2021; 3 (115): 39 - 40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
