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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">energsecurity</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Надежность и безопасность энергетики</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Safety and Reliability of Power Industry</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-5555</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-2057</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «НПО Энергобезопасность»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24223/1999-5555-2017-10-3-223-231</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">energsecurity-515</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ НАДЕЖНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL ISSUES RELATED TO RELIABILITY AND SAFETY OF THE POWER INDUSTRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА СНИЖЕНИЯ ПРОЧНОСТИ СВАРНЫХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ТУРБИНЫ НА ССКП</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PREDICTION OF STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR FOR WELDED JOINTS OF REDICTION OF STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR FOR WELDED JOINTS OF TURBINES WITH ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL STEAM PARAMETERS URBINES WITH ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL STEAM PARAMETERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ланин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lanin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Атаманская, д. 3/6, 191167, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atamanskaya str., 3/6, 191167, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Атаманская, д. 3/6, 191167, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atamanskaya str., 3/6, 191167, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Атаманская, д. 3/6, 191167, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atamanskaya str., 3/6, 191167, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svarka@ckti.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ул. Атаманская, д. 3/6, 191167, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atamanskaya str., 3/6, 191167, Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОАО «Научно-производственное объединение по исследованию и проектированию энергетического оборудования им. И. И. Ползунова» (ОАО «НПО ЦКТИ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint-Stock Company «I. I. Polzunov Scientifi c and Development Association on Research and Design of Power Equipment»  («NPO CKTI»)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>223</fpage><lpage>231</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ланин А.А., Ильин С.А., Прохорова Т.В., Рева В.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ланин А.А., Ильин С.А., Прохорова Т.В., Рева В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lanin A.A., Ilin S.A., Prokhorova T.V., Reva V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.sigma08.ru/jour/article/view/515">https://www.sigma08.ru/jour/article/view/515</self-uri><abstract><p>При длительной высокотемпературной эксплуатации однородные сварные соединения жаропрочных сталей ферритного и мартенситного классов разрушаются по IV типу — по мягкой прослойке (МП) в зоне термического влияния (ЗТВ), соответствующей участкам мелкого зерна и межкритического интервала, а разнородные сварные соединения — по обезуглероженной МП в зоне сплавления. При этом коэффициент снижения прочности сварных соединений существенно уменьшается с увеличением времени и температуры эксплуатации.</p><p>На основании экспериментальных исследований построена расчетная модель ползучести и разрушения сварных соединений жаропрочных сталей, позволяющая прогнозировать коэффициенты снижения прочности сварных узлов с учетом конструктивно-технологических факторов и изменения механизмов разрушения на стадии проектирования. Проведены испытания на длительную прочность образцов из однородных сварных соединений мартенситной стали Р91 и разнородных соединений Р91 и хромомолибденованадиевой стали 15Х1М1Ф при температуре 620°С. Для исследования металла ЗТВ выполнена имитация термического цикла сварки на установках ИМЕТ-ЦКТИ и Gleeble-3800. Также было выполнено численное моделирование на основе уравнений состояния в форме Качанова-Работнова с учетом трех стадий ползучести, влияния трехосности напряженного состояния, изменения показателей степени в уравнениях ползучести и разрушения от напряжений.</p><p>По результатам расчетов выявлены и описаны закономерности изменения длительной прочности сварных образцов из стали Р91 от относительной ширины МП и соотношения скоростей ползучести основного металла и МП. Получена количественная оценка длительной прочности разнородного сварного соединения на модели образца с двумя МП с одинаковыми свойствами, соответствующими металлу разупрочненной части ЗТВ однородного сварного соединения. Выявлено перемещение разрушения в зону сплавления при снижении напряжений, что подтверждено экспериментально. Полученные закономерности хорошо согласуются с теоретическими и экспериментальными исследованиями Л. М. Качанова, Д. Р. Хэйхарста, В. Н. Земзина, Р. З. Шрона и др. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During long-term operation heat-resistant ferrite and martensitic steel welds have type IV cracking in a so-called ‘soft layer’, which contains part of fine grain region and inter-critical region of heat-aff ected zone (HAZ). The rupture of dissimilar welds occurs in the carbonless soft layer near fusion line. Therefore the strength reduction factor of welds decreases significantly with increasing lifetime and operating temperature.</p><p>Based on experimental investigations the design model is constructed to predict the welds strength reduction coefficient at the design stage, taking into account different structural and technological factors, also changes creep and fracture mechanisms. Creep strength tests of martensitic steel P91 welds and dissimilar welds P91 + Cr-Mo-V steel were performed at temperature of 620°С. The HAZ metal investigation was performed after the thermal welding cycle simulation at the «IMETCKTI» and «Gleeble-3800» units. In addition, numerical modeling was carried out, using the Kachanov-Rabotnov constitutive equations, taking into account the three stages of creep, the influence of complex stress state, changes creep and fracture mechanisms.</p><p>Based on the calculation results, the life time of P91 welds depends from the soft layer relative width and the creep rate ratio the base metal vs. the soft layer metal. A quantitative evaluation of the dissimilar welds creep strength is obtained using a sample model with two soft layers. Both have the same properties corresponding to the weakened region HAZ metal of the similar weld. According to the calculation results, the dissimilar welded samples rupture location moves to carbonless zone at lower stress level. Calculation results have good agreement with the experimental data. The obtained dependences are in good agreement with the theoretical and experimental studies of L. M. Kachanov, D. R. Hayhurst, V. N. Zemzin, R. Z. Schron et al. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>длительная прочность</kwd><kwd>ползучесть</kwd><kwd>повреждаемость</kwd><kwd>трещины IV типа</kwd><kwd>основной металл (ОМ)</kwd><kwd>мягкая прослойка (МП)</kwd><kwd>зона термического влияния (ЗТВ)</kwd><kwd>зона мелкого зерна (МЗ)</kwd><kwd>межкритический интервал (МК)</kwd><kwd>термический цикл сварки (ТЦС)</kwd><kwd>разнородное сварное соединение</kwd><kwd>обезуглероженная диффузионная прослойка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>creep rupture time</kwd><kwd>creep</kwd><kwd>damage</kwd><kwd>IV type cracking</kwd><kwd>base metal (BM)</kwd><kwd>‘soft’ layer (SL)</kwd><kwd>fi ne grain region of heat aff ected zone (FG HAZ)</kwd><kwd>inter-critical region of heat affected zone (IC HAZ)</kwd><kwd>thermal welding cycle (TWC)</kwd><kwd>fusion line (FL)</kwd><kwd>dissimilar weld</kwd><kwd>carbonless zone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Земзин В. 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